1. Cocktail effects studies

Despite exposure to multiple compounds, risk assessment is generally based on toxicity data for a single compound. It's only recently that the simultaneous effects of several compounds, known as "cocktail effects", have come to the fore. The first studies were mainly concerned with mixtures of endocrine disruptors targeting the same receptors (androgen, estrogen, thyroid...) and rarely containing more than two chemical compounds. It then became apparent that these studies were too limited for epidemiological studies.

Two epidemiological studies have shown the presence of numerous endocrine disruptors...