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17. Notion of production costs
By becoming global, the sheet and plate markets have evolved considerably over the last ten years. Pressure on prices has pushed converters to better control their costs. To remain competitive, all cost categories have to be taken into account, and in some cases controlled on an almost daily basis. Savings can be made in materials, wages and processes.
Unlike other products such as tubes, which are sold by the metre, sheet and plate are sold by weight: we are not yet producing to minimum tolerances, which would lead us to oversize our equipment. Nevertheless, thicknesses have steadily decreased over the years, reaching in some cases 40% of initial thicknesses. This trend has been driven by the development of higher-performance materials and considerable improvements in extrusion and thermoforming processes.
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Notion of production costs
Bibliography
Software tools
Contour TM Die (EDI)
BEMflow, Boundary Element Fluid and Heat Transfer Simulation Program
Inverted preland Die (Cloeren)
Websites
Octal
Rauwendall
The Madison Group
Verbruggen...
Standards and norms
- Management environnemental. Exigences et lignes directrices pour son utilisation. - ISO 14000 - Nov. 2004
- Food safety management systems – Requirements for all organisms in the food chain. - NF EN ISO 22000 - Oct. 2005
Directory
Manufacturers – suppliers (non-exhaustive list)
Robert Barr, Inc.
HPM
Extrusion Dies Industry, LLC
Statistical and economic data
Figure 1 compares the performance of two equivalent systems in terms of instantaneous available flow:
1 production unit, 1,300 kg/h, investment value €1.5 M ;
2 production units...
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