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ABSTRACT
Biodiversity loss due to human activities has been a well-known fact for decades. International, regional and local policies have been set up in order to address this and companies are key actors at the level of prevention processes. Adopted measures could be very various; however, they remain inefficient to face the issue even if the amount investing by the organisations are higher and higher. So, how to be more efficient? Various types of integration of biodiversity within the activities of the company are introduced. This article focuses on the interest of dealing with biodiversity through core business approaches to really prevent the destruction, and particularly in considering products and services policies and business model.
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Béatrice BELLINI: Senior Lecturer - University of Paris Nanterre, CEROS laboratory, France
INTRODUCTION
The preservation of biodiversity is a widely recognized environmental issue today; in the 20th century, half of the planet's forests disappeared. Although confidential until 2005, the date of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ( http://www.millenniumassessment.org/fr/ ), it has now become essential for companies to take biodiversity into account, as citizens are becoming increasingly aware of the issue.
The first regulations in this field are not recent, however, having been introduced in France as early as 1976, with Law no. 76-629 on the protection of nature. At European level, the 1979 Birds Directive was the first measure to preserve biodiversity. However, despite an increasing amount of expenditure by organizations, both public and private, dedicated to the protection of biodiversity, its destruction continues. So how can we be more effective?
The aim of this article is first to propose a typology of current corporate strategies for preserving biodiversity. Then, a more precise point will be made on the interest of developing biodiversity preservation approaches that apply to the company's core business, i.e. via its products or services. Finally, we'll look at ways of improving the effectiveness of these measures.
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KEYWORDS
biodiversity | Management | Firm | Product
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Bibliography
- (1) - ASSELIN (A.), RABAUD (S.), CATALAN (C.), LÉVÈQUE (B.), L'HARIDON (J.), MARTZ (P.), NEVEUX (G.) - Product Biodiversity Footprint – A novel approach to compare the impact of products on biodiversity combining Life Cycle Assessment and Ecology. - Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 248 (2020).
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Standards
(Non-exhaustive list)
- Quality management systems – Requirements - ISO 9001 - 2015
- Environmental management systems – Requirements and guidelines for use. - ISO 14001 - 2015
- Environmental management – Life cycle assessment, principles and framework. - ISO 14040 - 2006
- Lignes directrices relatives à la responsabilité sociétale. - ISO 26000 - 2010
- Sustainable and traceable...
Regulations
Guidelines :
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of November 30, 2009 on the conservation of wild birds), known as the "Birds Directive". (Replaces Council Directive 79/409/EEC of April 2, 1979).
European Directive 2004/35/EC on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage.
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Websites
https://www.abeillesentinelle.net/
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v467/n7318/full/467912a.html
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Organizations – Associations – Federations (non-exhaustive list)
ADEME (French Agency for Ecological Transition) :
ANEC (European consumer voice in standardization) :
Act4nature France...
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