Overview
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ABSTRACT
Sensor networks exist in an increasing number of applications. They are for instance present in devices that enable the military to help and rescue teams in a hostile environment, in systems of environmental protection, or even at home ... There exist multiple and varied domains of use. In order to use these sensor networks in the best way, it is necessary to understand their functioning, i.e. the organization of communications that allow for the dynamic elaboration of a community capable of delivering information to various collectors. This article presents these technologies, from design to communication protocols.
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Khaldoun AL AGHA: Supelec engineer, PhD, HDR - Professor at the University of Paris-Sud XI
INTRODUCTION
In the industrial world, a sensor is a device that translates a physical quantity into an electrical quantity, which, once digitized, can be stored, processed and transmitted for use with other information. This enables global operations to be carried out, such as avoiding a disaster, anticipating a problem or optimizing a complex operation.
Before the telecommunications revolution and the development of wireless technologies, the information gathered by a sensor was routed via a costly, cumbersome cabling system, requiring relatively high levels of human effort. The range of uses for sensors remained very limited. To justify the deployment of a sensor network, there had to be a major security issue at stake, or the prospect of significant economic benefits.
Today's new-generation sensors are equipped with "radio" circuits enabling them to transmit and receive information. What's more, they have the memory capacity and computing power to route packets of information. In this way, sensor networks can be formed. They can be self-configuring, self-discovering and relay measured information to their destination. As a result, a large number of applications have been developed to take advantage of this new sensor environment.
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Bibliography
- FLEURY (E.) et SIMPLOT-RYL (D.) - Réseaux de capteurs : Théorie et modélisation - . Hermès – Lavoisier (2009).
- LABIOD (H.) - Réseaux mobiles ad hoc et réseaux de capteurs sans fil. - Hermès – Lavoisier (2006).
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