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6. Conclusion
Membrane technologies are widely recognized and used in water treatment. Installed capacities have increased exponentially over the last 20 years, thanks to improvements in membrane materials (chemical and mechanical resistance) and in the processes that use them, which have enabled us to reduce the cost per m 2 . These technologies are now approaching maturity.
As far as reverse osmosis seawater desalination is concerned, the energy cost, which was the main limitation, is very close to the minimum cost.
Whether for desalination, production of drinking water from freshwater or wastewater treatment, the scope for progress lies essentially in the design of a complete treatment process.
The use of membranes integrated into industrial or urban wastewater treatment processes...
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Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Websites
Seawater desalination: the changes needed to keep pace with the sector's growth/Energies and Environment http://www.energie.sia-partners.comhttp://www.lenntech.fr/
ANSES "Reuse of grey water for domestic use: a practice to be framed", published Apr. 29,...
Events
MemPro conference "Membrane integration in processes", held every three years http://wsm-cluster.fr
Regulations
Anses opinion – Collective expertise report – August 2012
Reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation, sprinkler irrigation of green spaces and road washing https://www.anses.fr
Interministerial Instruction No. DGS/EA4/DEB/DGPE/2016/135 of Apr. 26, 2016 on the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation of...
Patents
ABIDINE Nouhab patent WO 2015082855A1. Process for monitoring the integrity of filtration membranes during operation (2015).
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
WSM (Water Sensor Membrane) Cluster: an association that aims to intensify and facilitate the national and international development of companies, research laboratories and training centers working in the field of membrane and sensor technologies applied to the water sector. http://wsm-cluster.fr/
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