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3. Ion exchanger combinations (chaining)
Various combinations of ion exchangers, known as linkages, are commonly used in water treatment. There are a great many of them, and we will only look at the most common.
Please refer to figure 28 for the various diagrams and abbreviations used.
3.1 Pretreatments
Filtration. Before percolating through an ion exchange column, the solution to be treated must be clear and free of suspended matter. Good filtration is therefore essential.
Decarbonation. When the raw water has a high alkalinity, carbonates can be precipitated using milk of lime, thus partially...
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Ion exchanger combinations (chaining)