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4. Approach to the cost of graywater recycling
The capital costs of a treatment plant mainly include the cost of the process itself, the dual supply networks (drinking water and recycled water) and collection networks (black water and grey water), upstream and downstream storage tanks, and measuring and control equipment. Operating costs depend on the type of process used, but energy consumption often dominates. To this must be added process and pipe maintenance, and the purchase of chemicals... Table 13 shows the cost ranges for a number of processes . The cost price of recycled water for the city of Fukuoka has been calculated at e 3.15 · m –3...
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Approach to the cost of graywater recycling
Conclusion – Outlook
Bibliography
- (1) - AQUASTAT - Système d'information de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture accédé le 02/05/2010 http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html .
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Standards and norms
Afnor (French standardization association)
- Sludge characterization – Determination of dry matter and water content - NF EN 12880 - 2000
- Wastewater treatment – Vocabulary - NF EN 1085 - 2007
International Organization for Standardization
- Water quality – Determination of suspended solids by glass fiber filtration - ISO 11923 - 1997
- Eau, qualité, essai des eaux, demande chimique...
Websites
WHO (World Health Organization)
WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health , 3rd edition, 2006
Regulations
Law 2006-1772, law on water and aquatic environments – Journal officiel de la République française of December 31, 2006, corrigendum JORF of January 20, 2007 and law 2010-788 of July 12, 2010.
Arrêté du 21 août 2008 relatif à la récupération des eaux de pluie et à leur usage à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur des bâtiments, Journal officiel de la République française du 29 août 2008.
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