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5. Questions and prospects
Chitosan is an interesting substance for wastewater treatment. It is a natural substance, ecologically interesting and relatively inexpensive (for applications in this field). It is also a linear polyelectrolyte with a flexible, highly reactive chemical structure and a high binding potential due to its polycationicity and high charge density. This biopolymer has been the subject of numerous patents and continues to be the focus of much academic research.
Although used commercially in the treatment of drinking water (desalination) and swimming pools, and despite the numerous chitosan-based adsorbents prepared and described in the literature and its recognized use as a coagulant or polyelectrolyte in UFAC processes, chitosan is nevertheless struggling to find applications in industrial-scale wastewater treatment. There are several reasons for this:
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Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ of the European Communities, L. 327 of 22.12.2000, p. 1).
Directive 2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration (OJ of the European Communities, L. 372 of 12.12.2006, p. 19).
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