Overview
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ABSTRACT
Nitrogen oxides refer to a series of molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen at different oxidation stages, with variable physico-chemical properties. NOx emissions have to be reduced due to their extremely detrimental effects on the environment. NOx are present in significant amounts in the flue gases of combustion units, nitric acid plants and units. This article reviews the regulation regarding NOx emission control. It then proceeds to presenting the industrial techniques in order to control such emissions according to the various NOx generating processes. Combustion units apply primary techniques (based on combustion control), secondary measures (applied between boiler and stack) as well as dry or wet ones. The selective catalytic reduction, involving the injection of NH3 into off-gases, is particularly detailed. This article finally presents the absorption of NOx in aqueous solutions as well as its reaction mechanisms and modeling principles.
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Diane THOMAS: Lecturer - Chemical Process Engineering Department - Mons Polytechnic Faculty, Wallonia-Brussels University Academy, Belgium
INTRODUCTION
NO x are intimately involved in all the most worrying phenomena of our time: acid fallout, greenhouse effect, photochemical smog, stratospheric ozone destruction, etc. Their emissions must therefore be limited at all costs.
This dossier attempts to present succinctly the general problem of NO x emissions. Some important physico-chemical properties of the various NO x species are presented and the various sources of NO x are discussed. The main emphasis is on the presentation of techniques, primary and secondary, applied in industry for the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions, depending on the source generating the polluting emission.
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NOx (nitrogen oxides)
Bibliography
Regulations
Council Directive 96/61/EC of September 24, 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, known as the IPPC Directive (OJ L 257, October 10, 1996, p. 26-40).
Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 4, 2000 on the incineration of waste (OJ L 332, December 28, 2000, p. 91-111).
Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament...
Standards and norms
- Ambient air quality – standard method for measuring nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide concentration by chemiluminescence. - EN 14211 - (2005)
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