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2. Urban risks, a theme for reflection
Three different factors in France - the general rise of the risk issue, the decentralization of political power, and the resurgence of the urban engineering theme - contributed in the 1980s to the gradual emergence of the urban risk issue, although the expression had not yet entered common parlance. This section reviews a number of "seminal" works, initiated or published mainly in the following decade, which began to use the term and outline its contours.
2.1 Research on the city and its networks
It is interesting to note that the first "modern" research carried out in France on the various hazards of the city in the 1980s-1990s was funded by various departments of, or linked to, the Ministry of Public Works, which helped to mobilize social science researchers...
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Urban risks, a theme for reflection
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Bibliography
Bibliography
Directory
Center for studies and expertise on risks, the environment, mobility and development (CEREMA) https://www.cerema.fr
French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS) http://ineris.fr
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