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5. Conclusion and outlook
GIS enables geographic information to be acquired, managed, manipulated and transmitted. Data acquisition and associated management capabilities facilitate the integration and organization of an observed model of a territory's reality. They also serve as a basis for various spatial analyses leading to an understanding of the modeled territory, and enable the production of documents in various forms, reporting on these analyses. The information produced in this way leads the manager(s) to make decisions about the territory, decisions which may modify it.
The exponential development of GIS today is being accompanied by both hardware and software developments. Indeed, computer performance and interaction with the Web mean that as many people as possible can benefit from these tools.
Technological advances are accompanying the arrival of increasingly...
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Conclusion and outlook
Bibliography
Software tools
ARCGIS ® – ESRI France :
GEOCONCEPT ® :
GEOMEDIA ...
Websites
CEN: European Committee for Standardization – TC 287 Technical Committee on Geographic Information
http://www.cen.eu/CENORM/Sectors/TechnicalCommitteesWorkshops/CENTechnicalCommittees/
CRIGE PACA: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regional Center for Geographic Information...
Standards and norms
- Information géographique Géomatique (45 normes publiées et 30 normes en projet) - ISO/TC 211 -
- Standard GML (Geographic Markup Language) permettant l'échange de données vectorielles - OGC -
- Standards WMS (Web Map Server) et WFS (Web Feature Server) permettant la production de cartographie à partir de serveurs de données et la manipulation de ces objets géographiques - OGC -
Regulations
Directive [2007/2/EC] INSPIRE: of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing an infrastructure for the dissemination of spatial information in the European Community.
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
AFIGEO: French Association for Geographic Information
CNIG: Conseil National de l'Information Géographique (National Council for Geographic Information)
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