Article | REF: R311 V1

Background noise and measurements - Measurement and design applications

Authors: Matteo VALENZA, Fabien PASCAL, Alain HOFFMANN

Publication date: December 10, 2006

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2. Background noise measurements

Given the evolution of measuring equipment and the performance of low-noise amplifiers, it appears that the best representation of the quadrupole for measuring the various sources of noise is that based on the two noise current generators placed respectively at the input and output of the quadrupole. The metrologies developed enable direct measurement of the quantities , which fully characterize quadrupole noise.

The block diagram of a noise measurement chain is...

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Background noise measurements