Overview
FrançaisABSTRACT
Natural continuation of the barcode or the cornerstone of the Internet of Things, the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) creates an industrial revolution so much the number of its applications is immense. What kind of technologies hide behind this word? This article tries to present the basics of RFID by pointing out the main characteristics. From tele-supply of labels to the algorithms for singulation, the vocabulary and the basic equations are introduced to allow a better understanding of the physical limits of these systems. The reading of this article has to allow to choose the good parameters (frequency, modulation, coding, protocol, antenna size, memory size, etc.) to meet the needs and constraints of the envisaged application.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Claude TETELIN: ISEN engineer, PhD from the University of Lille, France - Director, Automatic Identification and Data Capture, - GS1 Global Office, Brussels, Belgium
INTRODUCTION
Starting your car with an electronic key, entering a building or hall with a badge, using the ski lifts on a ski holiday, validating a ticket on the bus or metro, paying for purchases with a contactless bank card or using the automatic checkouts in certain stores are all part of the daily routine for many of us. Often without realizing it, we use automatic data capture technologies based on radio frequency waves and radiation. These technologies are known as RFID for Radio Frequency Identification. They can be found in all our daily activities, but it's important to understand that they are mainly used in industrial sectors, from retailing to oil drilling, as well as in the aeronautical, automotive and healthcare manufacturing industries. Each individual object - carton, pallet, tool - bearing an RFID tag or label can be uniquely identified. By 2020, the number of tags and labels sold for this purpose will exceed 20 billion per year, and is rising steadily. The difference between applications involving individuals and those for tracking objects and packages lies mainly in the distance at which RFID tags can be detected and read. Reading a bank card for contactless payment just a few centimetres from the reader is quite sufficient. For industrial logistics processes, tags need to be read from several meters away. The aim of this article is to present the techniques used in RFID systems. These include remote powering, telecommunications, encoding and identification. Those looking for a solution to their traceability automation needs (identification, inventory, authentication, etc.) will find in this article the basics for choosing the most suitable RFID technology. Notions such as return on investment or the integration of RFID into an IT system are not covered, and generally require a case-by-case study.
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KEYWORDS
RFID | telesupply | anticollision | Electronic Product Code (EPC) | automatic identification
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Control and systems engineering
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RFID systems and techniques
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Information Technology – Radio frequency identification (RFID) for object management – Part 7: Active communications parameters for a 433 MHz radio interface. - ISO/IEC 18000-7 - 2014
- Information technology – Radio frequency identification for item management – Part 4 : Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz. - ISO/IEC 18000-4 - 2015
- IEEE Standard For Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
3M : http://www.3m.com
Alien technology: http://www.alientechnology.com
ASK : http://www.ask-rfid.com
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