1. Definition. The benefits of speciation analysis

It is now recognized that measuring total concentrations of an element is no longer sufficient to provide accurate information on its fate in the environment, or in human or animal physiology. In fact, trace elements can exist in different chemical forms, each of which has a different toxicity, mobility or reactivity; examples of these chemical forms are given in table 1 .

These chemical species can be classified into three families. The first group is made up of elements that can present different oxidation states; the best-known example is chromium, which exists in the form of trivalent chromium, a species essential to life, and hexavalent chromium, which is considered a carcinogen [1]. Because of the great difference in toxicity between the two chemical forms of chromium, many European regulations take...

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Definition. The benefits of speciation analysis

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page Determination of chemical species of elements (speciation) in the environment

Methods for speciation analysis

References

(1) - GUERTIN (J.) - Toxicity and health effects of chromium (all oxidation states) - . Dans Chromium(VI) handbook. J. GUERTIN, J.A. JACOBS et C.P. AVAKIAN (Eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, p. 215 à 234 (2005).
(2) - CRAIG (P.J.) - Organometallics in the environment...

Standardization

International Organization for Standardization ISO

Workplace air – Determination of hexavalent chromium in airborne particles – Method using ion chromatography and spectrophotometric detection with diphenyl carbazide - ISO 16740 - (2005)

French Standards Association AFNOR

Waste and soil characterization – Determination of chromium(VI) in solid materials by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography...

Regulations

Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of-life vehicles (OJ L. 269, 21/10/2000, p. 34-43).

Directive 2003/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 18, 2003 amending for the 26th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (nonylphenol, nonylphenol...