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2. Positron interactions in solids
When an energetic positron penetrates a solid, it rapidly loses its energy through ionization and electron excitations, before finally thermalizing and exciting the solid's vibration modes. The calculated times for this slowing-down and stopping phase are very short, of the order of a few 10
-12
s
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Positron interactions in solids
Measurement of two-photon gamma annihilation characteristics
Installation costs
In terms of budget, the electronic part of the three classic techniques costs around e30,000 (in 2000) each. More sophisticated set-ups can obviously increase this price. To the price of the electronics and sources, we must of course add the cost of the cryogenic facilities and the mechanical parts of the apparatus (angular correlation). Finally, a complete bibliography can be found in the works cited in the references...
Suppliers
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Turnkey assemblies
AMETEC France
Represents ORTEC in France
ORTEC (Doppler Broadening and Lifetime Spectrometers)
Canberra (Lifetime and Doppler broadening...
Organizations
Some laboratories specializing in this field:
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in the USA :
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) http://www-phys.llnl.gov/H_Div/Positrons/
University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) – Positron surface group...
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