1. Definition of a postbiotic

According to ISAPP (International scientific association of probiotics and prebiotics), a postbiotic is a preparation of inanimate micro-organisms and/or their components which confer a health benefit on the host . It should be noted that the term "inanimate" was chosen to mean "lifeless", without implying any loss of function. "Components" was included because any effect could be mediated by microbial cellular compounds (pili), cell wall components or other structures. Substantially purified metabolites such as lactic acid or butyric acid, in the absence...