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ABSTRACT
Calendering, which consists in compressing paper in order to improve both its external aspect and its properties, combines the action of heat and the pressure of rollers. This article reviews the various parameters of the calendering process (operating conditions, nips, pressure, temperatures). It then presents the effects of these parameters on the properties of the paper including the variations in the dimensions of the plane of the sheet, the modeling of the variations in the dimensions of the thickness of the sheet, the influence of the type of paste, the influence of conditioning, drying and rewetting, as well as the evolution of the smoothness and brilliance. These observations thus allow for improving the calendering process.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Didier CHAUSSY: University Professor, Grenoble INP – PAGORA
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David GUÉRIN: Doctorate in engineering, Centre Technique du Papier (Grenoble)
INTRODUCTION
Calendering parameters and their effects on paper properties are described. As calendering is a treatment combining the effect of pressure and temperature for a very short time, this article presents the main equations used to describe heat exchange in a calender, the thermal characteristics (heat capacity by mass and thermal conductivity) of papers, and the effect of calendering on their properties.
An index of paper terms is provided at the end of the article.
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