Overview
FrançaisABSTRACT
Among the materials having electrical insulating properties glass is an ideal candidate. The mechanical constraints of the applications dictate however how it should be used. Glass applications in electrical insulation are therefore concentrated in toughened glass insulators or glass fibers for reinforcement of polymers. Each of these technologies will be approached in this article from a material and chemical aspects as well as their manufacturing particularities. Electrical mechanical and chemical applied stresses will be described and the particularities of their respective domains of application discussed.
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Jean-Marie GEORGE: Scientific Director - SEDIVER, Saint Yorre, France
INTRODUCTION
This article deals with glasses used in the electrotechnical field, whose main applications are in electrical insulation techniques for conductors or live elements in power transmission and distribution networks. The focus is on molded glass and glass fibers used for mechanical reinforcement of resin parts in direct contact with conductor elements, for example in composite insulators for power lines or substations, tubular structures used in substation insulators, or surge arresters for distribution or extra-high-voltage lines.
Glass tempering, the fundamental aspects of which will be explained here, has made it possible to take into account the ever-increasing tensile mechanical loads imposed on overhead power lines, making annealed glass insulation a thing of the past. In addition, insulating materials made from glass-fibre-reinforced polymeric materials enable insulation applications in which the mechanical stresses are not only tensile, but also bending or compression, or their combination.
The chemistry of glass used in electrical insulation is mainly determined by the nature of the currents applied (alternating or direct) to the molded insulators, while the chemical or electrochemical corrosion of glass fibers guides the choice of materials used for polymer reinforcement.
We will omit certain theoretical aspects for which reference documents can be consulted, and where the reader will find details of the fundamental equations and physical principles relating to the material glass in general and its properties.
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KEYWORDS
Toughening | mechanical reinforcement of polymer insulators | Toughened glass | glass fibers
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Glasses and ceramics
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Glasses for electrical insulation
Bibliography
Events
CIGRE International Council on Large Electric Systems, sessions held every two years in Paris (even-numbered years) http://www.cigre.org
JEC Composites Show held every year in Paris http://www.jeccomposites.com
Standards and norms
International Electrotechnical Commission
- Insulators for overhead lines with nominal voltage above 1,000 V – Part 1: Ceramic or glass insulator elements for AC systems – Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria - CEI 60383-1 - 1993
- Insulators for overhead lines with nominal voltage above 1,000 V – Part 2: Isolator chains and equipped isolator chains for AC systems - CEI 60383-2...
Directory
Organizations – Associations – Federations
Glass Institute http://www.institutduverre.fr
International Commission on Glass http://www.icglass.org
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