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1. Mineral oils
The use of mineral oils in electrical equipment dates back almost to the beginning of industrial production. They have two main functions: electrical insulation and heat transfer.
Mineral insulating oils are obtained by distillation of selected petroleum products, natural substances of geological origin, stripped of various materials (light gases, hydrogen sulfide, water, etc.). They are complex mixtures (several thousand different molecules) of hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds, oxygenates, nitrogen compounds and traces of organometallic compounds. They are known as crudes. They are extracted in all regions of the world, and several hundred different types have been identified.
Progressive improvements in crude oil refining processes have led to the production of increasingly high-performance mineral insulating oils. These improvements, combined...
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Mineral oils
Bibliography
Article references [D 2 471].
Standardization
International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
- Matériel électrique pour atmosphères gazeuses explosives. Quatrième partie : Méthode d'essai. - CEI 60079 - (1975)
- Isolants liquides. Détermination de la tension de claquage à fréquence industrielle. Méthode d'essai. - CEI 60156 - (1995-08) ...
Composition of petroleum and mineral oils
The main compounds found in petroleum and mineral oils are classified by family in figure 1 .
Nomenclatures for insulating liquids
These are listed in tables 1 and 2 , together with the names of the main commercial products.
Characteristics of some commercial liquids
The characteristics and properties of some commercial insulating liquids are given in tables 3 , 4 ,...
Suppliers
PCB destruction
Decontamination of PCB-containing equipment :
• Aprochim SA (solvent extraction decontamination)
• GEP General Pyralene Extraction (vapour phase extraction)
PCB destruction :
Atofina (liquid injection incinerator)
EMC Service Division PEC
Tredi (liquid...
Organizations
Bureau de normalisation du pétrole BNPé (F) (website under construction)
Center national de la recherche scientifique CNRS http://www.cnrs.fr
Laboratory of Electrostatics and Dielectric Materials LEMD (F) http://www.lemd.polycnrs.gre.fr/
Center professionnel des lubrifiants...
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