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2. Structural organization of container glass
2.1 Structure
Glass belongs to the family of non-crystalline solids, which includes two sub-families: amorphous solids and glasses. Glass is obtained by cooling a supercooled liquid mixture, which acquires the structure of a solid during this temperature reduction, without displaying the ordered characteristics specific to the crystalline state.
In other words, because cooling is rapid and deep, i.e. at a low temperature (by comparison with the melting temperature), the liquid mixture reaches a thermal zone where it is in a state of supercooling.
This solidification, with a continuous variation in viscosity, is therefore not crystallization (which has no time to take place), but a glass transition...
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Structural organization of container glass
Composition of the sealant mix
Bibliography
Books and magazines
Regulations
Regulation (EC) no. 1935/2004 of October 27, 2004, materials and articles brought or intended to be brought into contact with foodstuffs.
Standards and norms
- Machines et installations pour la production, le façonnage et la transformation de verre creux - NF EN 13042 -
- Management de l'hygiène dans la fabrication des emballages destinés aux denrées alimentaires - NF EN 15593 -
- Récipients en verre, fabrication et vocabulaire - ISO 7348 - 1992
- Récipients en verre, résistance à la pression interne - ISO 7458 - 2004
- Récipients en verre. Résistance...
Directories
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Food packaging glass manufacturing
• Verre on Line, the French glass portal http://www.verreonline.fr
• Glass Industries Federation http://www.fedeverre.fr
• French Federation of Glass Professionals...
Statistical and economic data
History of hollow glass
There are many different types of natural glass:
space: the result of meteorites, and among these tektites is the glass known as libyque;
atmospheric: the result of lightning action: fulgurites ;
animal: skeleton of certain sponges ;
...
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