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ABSTRACT
This article presents wear, in a classic way, highlighting the elementary phenomena responsible for the damage suffered by the surface of a body in friction. The main types of wear are described based on the nature of the phenomena causing the damage. In order to better understand the mechanisms of wear and improve the understanding of the lifespans of the mechanisms, different methods to study wear are presented: qualitative and/or quantitative analyses; energy approaches and wear maps to represent the evolution of phenomena with the solicitations.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Philippe KAPSA: Director of Research at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) - Director of the Tribology and Systems Dynamics Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5513
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Michel CARTIER: Head of HEF R & D's Surface Mechanics and Tribology Department (Hydro-mechanics and Friction) - This version is the result of a review and update of the article [BM 5 067] by Muriel QUILLIEN, Senior Lecturer at ISAE-Supméca.
INTRODUCTION
In tribology, wear is one of the consequences of friction. It corresponds to a loss of use as a result of plastic deformation, fracturing or removal of material from one or more sliding bodies.
The possible causes of wear are extremely varied. The different types of phenomena that can occur, separately or simultaneously, belong to two groups of factors.
Effects of contact itself: mechanical, chemical and metallurgical interactions between the two bodies involved.
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Effects of the environment (atmosphere, lubricant, etc.) :
• physicochemical actions due to the composition of the environment,
• mechanical actions induced by the nature and cleanliness of the environment (e.g. the abrasive nature of a polluted environment).
The diversity of possible forms and causes of surface damage explains the wide range of available means of action, in terms of materials for example.
This article is part of a series dedicated to mechanical contact wear:
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
KEYWORDS
adhésive wear | abrasion | tribochemical wear | cracking induced wear | fretting
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Friction, wear and lubrication
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Wear on mechanical contacts
Definitions
Bibliography
Training organizations (non-exhaustive list)
INSA Valor (National Institute of Applied Sciences)
– Digital and Experimental Tribology
– Surface finishes – Dimensioning and measuring – Level 1
Center Technique des Industries Mécaniques (CETIM)
– Tribology: friction, wear and lubrication of mechanical components
–...
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