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ABSTRACT
There are few non-metals in the steel industry, primarily oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and carbon. To this list, we should add phosphorus which represents a detrimental impurity. The subject of this article deals with the balance between two condensed phases and dissolution equilibrium, for which only one condensed phase is in equilibrium with a gas phase. Free energy expressions based on temperature have been simplified. They are nevertheless sufficiently precise within the considered temperature range. The equilibrium between metal and each non-metal cited shall be considered, as well as major metal phosphides equilibrium.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Pierre PERROT: Professor Emeritus, Physical Metallurgy Laboratory - Lille University of Science and Technology
INTRODUCTION
The non-metals used in steelmaking are essentially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon, to which should be added the devaluing impurity phosphorus.
We will consider in turn :
equilibria between two condensed phases under temperature-dependent gas pressure;
dissolution equilibria in which a single condensed phase is in equilibrium with a gas phase.
This article provides engineers with expressions for free enthalpies as a function of temperature. The expressions are simplified for ease of use, but sufficiently accurate for the temperature range considered. The equilibria considered are metal-oxide, metal-sulfide, metal-nitride, metal-carbon and the main metal-phosphide equilibria.
For bibliographical references, please refer to Pour en savoir plus [Doc. M 7 222].
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Thermodynamic equilibria in steelmaking
Equilibria between condensed phases
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