Article | REF: M7220 V1

Thermodynamic equilibria in the steel industry

Author: Pierre PERROT

Publication date: September 10, 2010

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1. Thermodynamics applied to steelmaking

Using the state functions it defines and its fundamental principles, thermodynamics can answer three types of questions:

  • Given a system in a well-defined initial state and subject to precise constraints, which is allowed to evolve freely, what will its final state be when equilibrium is reached?

  • Given a system in a well-defined initial state, which we want to evolve towards an equally well-defined final state, what is the best path to follow to carry out the transformation?

  • is a given transformation (imposed initial and final states) possible or impossible under well-defined constraints (e.g. composition, pressure and temperature)?

These three questions show that the initial state (e.g. magnetite), the final state (e.g. iron metal) and the...

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Thermodynamics applied to steelmaking