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9. Recycling
9.1 Niobium
When steel is recycled, the widely distributed niobium is not recovered as such. It is estimated that the American steel industry recycles around 20% of niobium.
However, 12% of the niobium contained in niobium-based superalloys or alloys is recovered
The size of niobium resources and the wide dispersion of niobium in steels do not contribute to increasing the recovery effort.
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Recycling
Conclusion
Bibliography
References
Websites
Tantalum
http://www.webelements.com/tantalum/
http://webmineral.com/chem/Chem-Ta.shtml
Niobium
Directory
Ferroniobium suppliers
Cambior (Niobec) http://www.cambior.com/
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