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4. Effects of metals on other properties
Apart from hardening, there is a slight drop in ductility. However, segregation of elements at grain boundaries can affect properties such as forgeability, weldability and toughness.
The examples below illustrate particular effects linked to certain types of manufacture or specific properties, but it is not possible to generalize these phenomena to all grades.
4.1 Forgeability
The copper-tin combination used to be very closely monitored, as it was reputed to cause pockets of forgeability with a high risk of defects.
This problem particularly affected seamless tube rolling and forging operations (especially heavy forging), as these deformation modes are multidimensional.
This problem has...
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