Français
9. Lithium substitutes
Substitutes for lithium compounds are found in glass, ceramics, greases and batteries. . Thus, alkali metals such as sodium and potassium form compounds that are fluxes (feldspars) in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and calcium- and aluminum-based soaps can replace special lithium-based greases. However, when calcium, mercury, magnesium and zinc are used to replace lithium in batteries, a reduction in quality is systematically observed compared with lithium batteries. On the other hand, in metallurgy, lithium carbonate is no longer considered an essential ingredient in aluminum refining, and Al-Li alloys can be replaced by boron-, glass- or polymer-fiber-based composites.
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
This article is included in
Metal manufacturing processes and recycling
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Lithium substitutes
Toxicology
Statistical and economic data
1. Main lithium-producing companies
The main companies producing lithium from brines are the following [60] [61] :
Sociedad Quimica y Minera (S.Q.M.) and Chemetall GmbH, Atacama salt flats, Chile;
Sociedad Chilena del Litio, Atacama salt flat (Chile);
Chemical Foote Corp, Lithium, Silver...
Bibliography
Reviews
Australian Mining and Metallurgy
Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Chemical Engineering
CIM Bulletin
Energy
Engineering and Mining Journal
Hydrometallurgy
Journal of American Chemical Society
Industrial Chemical Engineering...
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
