2. Moulds for calmed ingots
The following discussion is confined to large-base-up (GBH) ingot moulds capable of producing ingots of 1.5 to 4.5 t and slightly less or more by extrapolation, as well as, mutatis mutandis, large-base-down ingot moulds for certain hollow products.
For other steel grades and formats, please refer to
Whatever the reasons for using ingot moulds, they must be well designed, well manufactured and well used. Let's remember that we've limited ourselves to basic information.
2.1 Phenomena observed during ingot mould...
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Moulds for calmed ingots
Bibliography
References
Organizations
Centre technique industriel de la fonderie (CTIF) http://www.ctif.com
Centre de documentation sidérurgique (CDS)
Fondeurs de France http://www.fondeursdefrance.org
Association technique de la sidérurgie (ATS)...
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