4. Evolution of damage
Although the three stages of damage initiation, growth and coalescence often develop simultaneously, it is worth describing them separately for greater clarity.
4.1 Priming
In the vast majority of cases, the damage initiation sites are the inclusions or second-phase particles present in the material. It should be noted that even "high-purity" metals always contain a high density of inclusions.
Example: a copper with a content of 99.99%Cu and containing 100 µg/g of lead in the form of spherical nodules with a radius of 1 µm, contains around 2 x 10 4 inclusions per mm 3 , corresponding to inclusions spaced on average...
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Evolution of damage
Interactions between damage and behavior
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