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4. Effect of oxygen
Oxygen is a common impurity in furnaces used in metal production and processing. This element is important in metallurgical processes involving capillarity, as it is capable of reducing the surface energy of a liquid metal by several percent, and even tens of percent, even when present in the furnace atmosphere at very low partial pressure values P O2 .
In the general case, the interaction between the oxygen contained in the furnace atmosphere and a liquid metal M consists of a simple dissolution of the oxygen in the liquid:
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Effect of oxygen
Surface energy of liquid alloys – Thermodynamic models
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