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3. Properties
3.1 Mechanical properties
In addition to the factors classically examined to understand a material's behavior under mechanical stress, i.e. elastic properties (nature of chemical bonding), crystalline structure and microstructure, in the case of foams we can add architectural characteristics: ligament structure, connectivity, porosity rate, surface curvature, dimensionality. The evolution of certain properties was evaluated by Gibson and Ashby, who proposed relationships known as scaling relations .
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IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature defines porosity size in terms of pore diameter: micropores are smaller than 2 nm, mesopores are between 2 and 50 nm and macropores are larger than 50 nm.
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