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2. Torrential phenomena
Torrential phenomena are manifestations of the appearance or increase in the flow of steeply sloping rivers. They are characterized by the importance of solid material transport relative to liquid flow.
Torrential phenomena develop in small watersheds with specific characteristics. These basins constitute torrential apparatuses.
Torrents are located in the upstream parts of large watersheds and contribute significantly to their sediment balance.
Solid transport is associated with most river floods, but outside the torrential domain, the influence of solid transport on flow height is negligible. The study of these lightly laden floods falls within the scope of hydraulics and not of the phenomena dealt with here.
2.1 Specific...
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Torrential phenomena
Avalanches
Bibliography
Websites
• AGS – Australian Geomechanics Society
http://australiangeomechanics.org
• IAEG – International Association for Engineering Geology...
• ISRM – International Society for Rock Mechanics...
Standards
- Avalanche protection equipment – Snow fence – Design specifications - NF P95-305 - Décembre 1992
Regulations
• Articles L. 562-1 to L. 562-9 of the French Environment Code, which set out the framework and methodology for drawing up natural risk prevention plans.
• Article R. 126-1 of the Code de l'Urbanisme (article 404 of law no. 87-565 of July 22, 1987 and article 16-1 of law no. 95-101 of February 2, 1995), which requires the approved PPR to be appended to the PLU or POS, where they exist.
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