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2. Nature and physico-chemical characteristics
Our references are taken from the PREDIS guide and LCPC documentation.
2.1 Nature of the shale
Shale can vary considerably in composition, depending on geographical location and mining basin.
For the Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal mines :
20 to 50% sandstone ;
50-80% schist from metamorphosed clays;
0 to 20% more or less carbonaceous elements.
Spoil heaps still rich in fuel were washed to extract it and direct it to thermoelectric power stations.
Constituents of black and orange shale :
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Nature and physico-chemical characteristics
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Documentations LCPC :
Standardization
- Tests to determine the mechanical and physical properties of aggregates – Part 1: Determination of wear resistance (micro-DEVAL). Classification index: P18-650-1 Document modified by amendment: NF EN 1097-1/A1: April 2004. - NF EN 1097-1 - 11-96
- Tests to determine the mechanical and physical properties of aggregates – Part 2: Methods for determining resistance to fragmentation. Classification index: P18-650-2 Status:...
Directory
ADEME Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie http://www.ademe.fr /
BRGM Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières http://www.brgm.fr /
CETE Centres d'études techniques de l'équipement
Websites
Cap découverte (conversion of the former Carmaux open-cast mine) http://www.capdecouverte.com /
Charbonnage de France (dissolved on January 1 2008) http://www.charbonnagesdefrance.fr /...
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