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2. Multiplexing techniques
There are four main approaches to multiplexing, i.e. building up a very-high-speed data stream (called a multiplex) from several lower-speed data streams, known as tributaries. The first three are used commercially, while the fourth is still only a subject of study in research laboratories. Naturally, the amount of information transmitted increases when several multiplexing techniques are used simultaneously. The capacity of a system is defined as the total data rate it is capable of transmitting in a single optical fiber.
2.1 Time division multiplexing
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) is the most traditional technique for producing a data stream at bit rate mB, from m data streams (the tributaries) at bit rate B
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Multiplexing techniques
Amplification techniques
Bibliography
Software tools
Optilux, free software for simulating optical transmission systems http://www.optilux.sourceforge.net/
VPI transmission Maker TM , software suite for the simulation of optical components and systems, published by VPI photonics
Websites
Jean-Michel Jonathan, lecture at Institut d'Optique Graduate School Paris Tech, Guided wave optics – Lightwave http://www.paristech.institutoptique.fr/site.php?id=95=72
Events
Optical Fiber Communications Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), an international conference held annually in the United States. http://www.ofcconference.org
European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) is an international conference held every September in a different European country....
Standards and norms
National Telecommunications Union, ITU http://www.itu.int/
- Interfaces for optical transport networks (OTN) http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.709/fr - ITU-T G.709 -
- Spectral grids for wavelength-division multiplexing applications: DWDM dense grid http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.694.1/fr - ITU-T G.694.1 -
Regulations
French regulatory authority for electronic communications and posts, ARCEP http://www.arcep.fr/
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Alcatel-Lucent http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
Ciena http://www.ciena.fr/
Cisco Systems http://www.cisco.fr
...
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