6. Ultrasonic process
6.1 Principle and mechanism
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Ultrasonic emission
Power ultrasonics are sound waves with frequencies between 16 kHz (upper limit of human audibility) and 1 MHz. They are generally emitted by a flat surface vibrating sinusoidally around its equilibrium position, at frequency f and amplitude A (of the order of µm).
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Wave propagation
The wave propagates in solid, liquid or gaseous media with a celerity c, which depends on the physical properties of the medium, and a wavelength λ(λ = c/f). In liquid media, the wave is assumed to be plane and longitudinal. The acoustic pressure P A or overpressure with respect to...
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Ultrasonic process
Bibliography
European regulations
(non-exhaustive list)
REACH :
Directory
Emulsification equipment suppliers
Mechanical agitation technology, colloidal mills :
Ekato
FrymaKomura
Inoxpa
Data
Technical characteristics of various emulsification systems on the market
They are presented in Tables A and B.
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