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4. Segregation
Segregation is one of the main problems associated with heterogeneous populations of particles with different sizes, shapes, densities or surface properties. Segregation can occur during silo filling and unloading. For example, when a mixture of particles is discharged into a silo, the largest (or densest) particles with the greatest inertia tend to flow down the slope of the embankment formed. Conversely, fine particles are more easily stopped by the heap and are located in the center of the silo. This spontaneous segregation leads to a distribution, in the form of strata, of the two populations of fine and coarse particles known as Christmas trees.
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Segregation
Accidentology and risks associated with silos
Bibliography
Software tools
Silo Stress tool: free software for calculating vertical and horizontal stress profiles.
http://www.dietmar-schulze.com
LIGGGHTS®: open source software for the simulation of granular media using the Discrete Element Method (DEM).
...Websites
UNIT module (open-access distance learning course): "Powder Science and Technology".
Dietmar Schulze
http://www.dietmar-schulze.com
Freeman Technology
Events
World Congress of Particle Technology (event held every 3 years).
PARTEC International Congress on Particle Technology, Nuremberg, Germany (annual event).
International Conference on Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids (CHoPS) (event held every 3 years).
Powders & Grains (event held every 4 years).
Regulations
State-of-the-art guide to silos :
http://www.installationsclassees.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
Directory
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