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2. Pulp refining
Pulp refining is a unitary operation that consolidates the fibrous raw material. As they pass through the air gap of a turbomachine (or refiner) equipped with interlocking geometries, fibers in aqueous suspension are subjected to compression and shear forces that induce morphological changes in their ultrastructure. Three primary effects are generally associated with these morphological transformations: hydration, fibrillation and cutting. At the millimeter scale, refined fibers will have greater flexibility and will significantly increase their binding potential, which will later be favorable to sheet formation.
This operation applies to virtually all pulp products and will have consequences in terms of :
of paper properties, through the structural effects induced on the fibres,...
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Pulp refining
Documentation sources
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Standards
Determination of the Schopper-Riegler index of paper pulp is the subject of a French standard, AFNOR NF Q 50 003, and an international standard, ISO 5267-1: Drainability of pulp by the Schopper-Riegler method.
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors
In France, manufacturers of disintegrators (pulpers), disc refiners, conical refiners and linings for refiners are :
ABK Machinery http://www.abkmachinery.com
Allimand http://www.allimand.com
...
Organizations
The Centre Technique du Papier (CTP) is the industrial technical center for the French paper industry. It is one of the supervisory bodies of the Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers (LGP2), a joint CNRS 5518 research unit at the École Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG), part of the Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble (IPG). These two organizations can respond to requests from industry within...
Economic data
In relation to the total energy installed in a paper mill (non-integrated mill), the proportion of energy consumed for pulp disintegration represents an average of 2 to 6%, or 30 to 150 kJ/kg in useful (or net) mass energy. For the industrial refining operation, at low mass fractions (2 to 6%), the proportion of energy installed represents 5 to 30%, or 350 to 850 kJ/kg in useful mass energy.
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