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3. Consideration of sequential evaporator operation
3.1 Need to consider the production cycle in evaporator design
The nominal capacity of a plant must be determined by taking into account actual running times and production downtimes (start-ups, washing, maintenance). In particular, start-up and commissioning times must not be neglected. It should be noted in passing that some installations are started up directly on the product, whereas some processes require stabilization on water, or even washing and bacterial decontamination, before moving on to the product. The constraints specific to each product and process determine the start-up mode. It is not uncommon for the start-up procedure (vacuuming, heating, washing, stabilization of flow rates and temperatures) to take more than 3 hours.
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Consideration of sequential evaporator operation
Applications in the food industry
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Bibliography
Norm and standard
Association française de normalisation AFNOR
- Gas flow measurement using venturi nozzles under critical conditions. Classification X10. 150. http://www.afnor.fr - NF ISO 9300 - 1990
Digital media
Component plus. Thermodynamic database of pure bodies associated with simulation software developed by ProSim SA.
Websites
ProSim SA http://www.prosim.net
EHEDG Guidelines: European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group (Hygienic design and equipment engineering for the food industry in Europe) http://www.ehedg.fr
Regulations
European regulation 1935/2004 (2004). Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EC. 14 p.
Directory
Main evaporator suppliers
Alfa Laval Sas http://www.alfalaval.com [email protected]
Anhydro France
APV France
FIVE CAIL http://www.fivescail.com...
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