1. Ferrules
The shell is the column's envelope. It must resist pressure and expansion forces, as well as the effects of wind and earthquakes
The ferrule can be made up of sections of different diameters. If the flow rate and physical properties of the steam stream vary greatly between the bottom and the top of the column, it will be more economical to adjust the column to the operating conditions and use a column with two or even three diameters.
1.1 Ferrule type
They are shown in figure 2 ....
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Ferrules
References
Manufacturers. Suppliers
(non-exhaustive list)
Carbone-Lorraine (graphite and noble metal trays) http://www.carbonelorraine.com
Koch-Glitsch (Koch, Glitsch, Nye trays, etc.) http://www.koch-glitsch.com
Kühni...
Organizations
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) http://www.aiche.org
Fractionation Research Inc. (FRI) http://www.fri.org
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference