Overview
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ABSTRACT
The increasingly easy access to multimedia content naturally stimulates the desire to create "multimedia documents" in which the meaning is not only provided by each multimedia element but also by synchronization and navigation links between these elements. The fixed and mobile web is at the heart of this evolution, and has allowed for the development of languages, tools and integration formats such as the SMIL and HTML5. Concepts and needs generated by the introduction of time in web documents, and contents, as well as current solutions in order to address this issue are presented.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Nabil LAYAÏDA: Doctor - Researcher at Inria
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Cécile ROISIN: Doctor, HdR - University Professor – Grenoble University
INTRODUCTION
For over 25 years, electronic documents have been the subject of studies that have led to the identification of characteristics attached to documents and classified according to different dimensions . The major result of this work has been the definition of standards such as XML (eXtended Markup Language), which have made it possible to represent the logical dimension of documents independently of their content and spatial dimension (form), thus facilitating document portability and processing by a variety of applications. Web technologies have largely built on these concepts, with the definition of HTML on the one hand and CSS on the other. With the integration of timed data such as video, sound or moving objects on the screen, electronic documents now have a temporal dimension in addition to the spatial, logical and hypertext dimensions . This evolution is the result of the new technological capabilities of computers and mobile terminals (CPU, memory, multimedia peripherals, CD-ROM supports, disks, etc.), networks (data rates, protocols) and digital processing techniques for non-textual information: sounds, static and dynamic images (coding, compression/decompression). As a result, access to documentary information is becoming increasingly widespread, in multimedia form and via a wide variety of terminals, the main medium being the Web. Finally, it is the Web languages that have gradually integrated multimedia properties, whether to express content synchronization (HTML5, SMIL), temporal navigation (Xlink), user interaction or spatio-temporal animation (SVG).
In this article, we present the concepts and requirements involved in introducing the temporal dimension into electronic documents, hereafter referred to as multimedia documents, as well as current solutions in this field: existing tools, standards, research prototypes. The aim is twofold: firstly, to describe the foundations of the models and techniques used in the field of multimedia documents, and secondly, to present the means available to users for designing, producing and accessing these documents.
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KEYWORDS
computer science |
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Digital documents and content management
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Time in documents
Bibliography
Software tools
Advene http://liris.cnrs.fr/advene/
Itinerant https://ambulantplayer.org/
Audio Tool https://audiotoolset.com/fr/
AXEL...
Websites
Cover Pages, Contents Listing for XML Applications and Industry Initiatives http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlApplications.html
ENS Lyon http://html5.ens-lyon.fr/
Standards and norms
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC18/WG8 N1920 – Information Technology: Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime), Second edition (08-97) http://www.ornl.gov/sgml/wg8/docs/n1920/html/n1920.html
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