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4. Prosody
Prosody is the "music" of speech, i.e. its melodic, rhythmic and dynamic components. The same string of phonemes can be pronounced in very different "tones", thanks to prosodic variation. From a synthesis point of view, prosodic computation consists in modeling and predicting :
melodic contours, through the temporal evolution of the fundamental frequency of vocal cord vibration;
syllabic rhythm, through syllable and phoneme durations;
the rhythm of word groups, through the position and duration of pauses;
dynamics, vocal effort, relative syllable intensity;
vocal quality, including murmuring, whispering and different voicing mechanisms;
extralinguistic elements, such as sighs,...
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Prosody
Acoustic synthesis
Bibliography
- (1) - SPROAT (R.), MOEBIUS (B.), MAEDA (K.), TZOUKERMANN (E.) - Multilingual text analysis. - Dans Multilingual Text-To-Speech Synthesis – The Bell Labs Approach, SPROAT (R.) et coll. éd., Kluwer Academic Publishers (1998). Ce livre décrit en détail les procédures de synthèse de l'anglais et d'autres langues, et donne une introduction au...
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Acapela is the new name of the group formed by BaBel Technologies SA and Babel-Infovox AB, which also absorbed ELAN speech. Acapela offers a wide range of multilingual synthesis solutions, initially developed through research at the Royal Institute of Technology...
Magazines, conferences
Recent developments in the techniques presented here are regularly the subject of articles.
In journals devoted to speech processing:
• IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing ;
• Speech Communication ;
• Computer Speech and Language ;
• EURASIP Journal...
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