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3. Before the wall of heat
From the first microprocessors to the early 2000s, the period is generally characterized as one of "free lunch": to obtain better performance, it was sufficient to wait 18 to 24 months between two successive technological generations without much change to software structure.
3.1 Single-processor performance
The performance of a processor on the execution of a user program is expressed by the following equation, which gives the execution time T ex as a function of various parameters:
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Before the wall of heat
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