Overview
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ABSTRACT
Since the middle of the 2000s, the borders between the actors of the digital content delivery chain and value chain (mass media, public media, telecommunications and Internet companies, electronic devices manufacturers?) are slightly moving. With the generalization of Internet and IP protocol in the content delivery architectures, the "convergent" distribution imposed to the historic actors the repositioning of their activities. This state of the art defines various types of media (print media, publishing, cinema, radio, television?) and introduces three ecosystems (cultural industries, industry of telecommunications and industry of computing and consumer electronics) as well as the "convergent" repositioning of the historic actors (France Televisions, Radio France, Vivendi, Lagardere, Bertelsmann, Bouygues, Orange, Iliad, Microsoft, Apple..) between themselves and in front of Internet companies (Amazon, Google?) and to the social media companies (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter?).
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Jérôme PONS: Digital technology and strategy consultant and cultural project manager at Music won't stop, Paris, France - Former head of the interoperability testing program (IOT) for fixed and mobile networks (2009-2011), Orange Media Player, Music Podcasts and Web TV project manager (2007-2009), 3GPP standardization delegate in the RAN2 working group (2003-2007) at Orange, Paris, France
INTRODUCTION
Since the mid-2000s, the boundaries between media groups, public audiovisual service operators, telecom network operators, software publishers, Internet service providers and electronic equipment manufacturers have partly lost their watertightness, historically linked to the "non-convergent" distribution and broadcasting of digital content (one type of content was associated with one distribution and broadcasting mode, and one consumption mode). The widespread introduction of the Internet and the IP protocol in content transmission architectures has led to "convergent" distribution and broadcasting of digital content (with one set of content associated with one distribution and broadcasting mode, using the IP protocol, and a multitude of consumption modes), forcing incumbent players in the transmission chain to reposition their activities.
This first article provides a deliberately non-technical overview of digital content and the different types of media (print media, publishing, cinema, radio, television, Web/Internet, etc.), as well as a presentation of the three ecosystems formed by the players in the digital content transmission chain: the cultural industries, the telecommunications industry and the IT and consumer electronics industry. In particular, this first part will shed light on the "convergent" repositioning of the historical players (French with France Télévisions, Radio France, Vivendi via its subsidiaries Groupe Canal+ and Universal Music Group and SFR, Lagardère via its subsidiary Lagardère Active, Orange via its subsidiaries Orange France, Orange Studio and Orange Cinéma Séries, Bouygues via its subsidiaries TF1 and Bouygues Telecom, Iliad via its subsidiaries Free and Free Mobile... Luxembourg with Altice via its subsidiaries Numericable and SFR...; Germany with Bertelsmann, which owns Prisma Media, Groupe M6 and RTL Group...; the USA with Microsoft, Apple...), but also new players such as the Internet service providers born with the development of the latter in the 1990s (Amazon, Google, Yahoo!...) and the social networking companies that emerged in the mid-2000s (MySpace, acquired by Specific Media in 2011, Facebook, YouTube, acquired by Google in 2006, Flickr, acquired by Yahoo! in 2005, Dailymotion, in which Orange is a shareholder, Twitter...).
Five other articles complete this major dossier.
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KEYWORDS
digital technologies | digital convergence | internet | digital content
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Bibliography
Websites
Observatories and regulators
• ARCEP (French telecommunications and postal regulator)
[ARCEP-LETTRE-48] "Les réalités de la convergence" (several topics including fixed-mobile convergence), ARCEP, La Lettre de l'Autorité, No. 48, January-February 2006 http://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/lettre48.pdf
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