1. Context

Energy-efficient cellular networks are often referred to as "Green". This is not a very precise term, as it is currently used to refer to networks where the notion of sustainable development is taken into account, including, for example, waste management and material recycling.

The current contribution of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is estimated at between 2 and 4%. The benchmark for these figures, often quoted, is Gartner . This puts ICT on a par with aeronautics, in terms of order of magnitude. But while a rapid increase in the number of air passengers is not foreseen for the foreseeable...