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Article | REF: D3354 V2

Lithium ion batteries - Working mechanism, state-of-the-art and perspectives

Authors: Jolanta ŚWIATOWSKA, Domitille GIAUME

Publication date: December 10, 2024, Review date: June 20, 2022

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7. Limits and challenges of LiBs

The specific energy density of LiBs has increased more than twice from 120  Wh/kg / 264  Wh /L (Sony, 1991 ) to today’s ≥ 270  Wh/kg /650  Wh/L since the commercialisation of the first battery cell   . LiBs are also characterized by excellent cycle life, reaching 6,000 cycles with 80% capacity retention, or even higher up to 10,000 cycles for LTO cells. The mass production of LiBs has significantly...

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