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3. Lithium batteries
3.1 Different families of lithium batteries and operating principle
The current use of lithium (Li) in batteries for portable and on-board applications is due to the fact that it is the lightest metal currently known (with a density of 535 kg/m 3 ). In addition, as the Li + /Li oxidation-reduction couple has a high redox potential, lithium is proving to be an element of choice in the manufacture of accumulators, as it leads to cells with a high nominal voltage, ranging from approximately 2 to 4.5 V depending on the material combinations chosen.
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Lithium batteries
Comparison of NiCd, NiMH and lithium-ion batteries
Bibliography
- (1) - SAFT - Saft. - (En ligne) – http://www.saftbatteries.com/fr (2017).
- (2) - SEBANG - Gbattery. - (En ligne) –
Websites
Battery University: a comprehensive information site on batteries
BEST Batteries and Energy Storage Technologies: a commercial site featuring battery-related news and events.
Regulations
Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators.
Decree 99-374 of May 12, 1999 on the marketing and disposal of batteries and accumulators.
Directory
Cell manufacturers (non-exhaustive list)
A123Systems – http://www.a123systems.com/
Alcad – http://www.alcad.com
Alpha Technologies – http://www.alpha.com
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