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5. Future prospects
Possible improvements based on current techniques should make it possible to achieve significant unit powers: almost 1,500 MVA at 225 kV, 2,500 MVA at 400 kV and over 4,000 MVA at 750 kV.
These limits would be reached with externally forced-cooling cables; they would be linked to mechanical (maximum cable diameter of 150 to 160 mm) and thermal constraints, as well as to the physical characteristics of the components. However, we already believe that these limits can be pushed back to higher values, for example by adopting internal water cooling.
However, there are a number of drawbacks to these prospects:
forced cooling required (from 1,300 MVA at 400 kV) ;
high reactive power (on the order of 16 to 17 Mvar/km for a 400 kV cable);
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Future prospects
Bibliography
References
HV and HVB cables
Thesis
Regulations
Inter-ministerial decree of May 26, 1978 (standard UTE C-11-001): Technical conditions to be met by electrical power distribution, modified by decrees of March 31, 1981 and April 16, 1982.
Arrêté du 2 avril 1991 fixant les conditions techniques auxquelles doivent satisfaire les distributions d'énergie électrique.
Power grids and the environment" agreement, 2001-2003...
Standardization
French Standards Association (Afnor)
Technical Union of Electricity (UTE)
- Méthodes d'essais. Détermination conventionnelle de la corrosivité des fumées. - NF C20-453 - 1-1985
- Méthodes d'essais. Essais climatiques...
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