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1. Developments, prospects and issues
Until the 1990s, small hydropower plants, located in very specific areas, accounted for virtually all decentralized generation on France's public distribution networks (RPD). Feed-in tariffs were closely aligned with the marginal cost theory that has underpinned EDF's (Électricité de France) general sales tariffs since its inception. As a result, feed-in tariffs were based on the cost price of centralized generation, and thus disconnected from decentralized generation systems and their set-up and operating costs.
The first wave in the development of decentralized generation resulted from EDF's application of the "EJP" tariff (effacement jour de pointe). Based on marginal costs, this tariff was in fact the public authorities' first effort to ensure that decentralized producers...
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Bibliography
- (1) - - Bulletin ELECTRA 77 : Bulletin publié par la CIGRE (Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Électriques)
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Programmation pluriannuelle des investissements de production d'électricité PPI
http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/electric/textes/se_ppi.htm
Technical reference documentation DTR
Standards and norms
- Recueil d'instructions générales de sécurité d'ordre électrique - UTE C18-510 -
- Low-voltage electrical installations –Practical guide – Connection of electrical power generators in installations supplied by a public distribution network - UTE C15-400 -
- Postes de livraison établis à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et alimentés par un réseau de distribution publique HTA (jusqu'à 33 kV) - NF C13-100 -
- Courant...
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Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September...
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