2. Superconductor environment
Cryogenics is the science of low temperatures, below around 100 K, but this limit is arbitrary. Although cryogenics used to be the preserve of certain research laboratories, it is now a well-known technology that is perfectly mastered by industry.
A refrigerator extracts a quantity of heat at a cold temperature. To do this, it supplies work to a fluid that follows a thermodynamic cycle (Joule-Thomson cycle, Brayton cycle, etc.) that depends on the type of refrigerator. This fluid is very often helium. It is generally compressed at room temperature, then cooled by heat exchangers and finally expanded to extract energy at cold temperature. Most of the power is consumed by the compressor.
For a more detailed approach, please refer to the articles on Cryogenics in the Energy Engineering treatise.
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Superconductor environment
Bibliography
Works
References
- (1) - COOLEY (L.D.), LEE (P.J.), LARBALESTIER (D.C.) - Flux-pinning mechanism of proximity-coupled planar defects in conventional superconductors : evidence that magnetic pinning is the dominant pinning mechanism in niobium-titanium alloy - . Physical Review B, vol. 53, p. 6638 à 6652 (1996).
- (2)...
Suppliers
(non-exhaustive list)
▪ Suppliers of NbTi and Nb3Sn conductors
Alstom Magnets and Superconductors S.A. http://www.powerconv.alstom.com/msa.html
European Advanced Superconductors GmbH & Co KG
Website
http://www.shahlimar.com/superconductor/
This is a very general site, with numerous links to the main players in the field, from manufacturers to research laboratories.
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