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1. General features and properties
The word "magnet" owes its origin to the Latin "adamas", meaning iron, diamond. Indeed, the first known magnets, as far back as the time of the Greeks, were iron-based; these were magnet stones, which contained magnetite, a natural iron oxide (chemical formula Fe 3 O 4 ). Around the 12th century, the first artificial iron magnets appeared in Europe, and little progress was made in this field until the 1930s. The materials used then were martensitic hard chromium, tungsten and cobalt steels, characterized by the traditional U-shape.
Technological advances over the last seventy years have completely revolutionized the possibilities of permanent magnets. New materials have been discovered, synthesized and industrialized, with performances such...
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General features and properties
Iron-nickel-aluminium alloys (alnicos)
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Standardization
- Magnetic materials – Method for measuring the coercive field of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit (classification index: C28-921) - NF EN 10330 - 08-03
- Magnetic materials – Materials for permanent magnets (magnetically hard) – Methods for measuring magnetic properties (Classification index: C28-919) - NF EN 10332 - 03-04
- Quantities and units – General principles. - NF X02-001 - 12-93
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Groupe de Physique des Matériaux GPM – University of Rouen http://www.univ-rouen.fr/gpm/
Néel Institute – CNRS Grenoble http://neel.cnrs.fr/
Grenoble Electrical Engineering Laboratory
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