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Article | REF: D2121 V1

Crystalline soft magnetic materials

Author: Thierry WAECKERLÉ

Publication date: June 10, 2010

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ABSTRACT

Crystalline soft magnetic materials are often used to build electromagnets in rotating machines or transformers. Indeed, they rapidly demagnetize when they are no longer subjected to an exterior field. They can therefore change rapidly of state (magnetization or not) under the influence of repeated and rapid excitations. This article presents the basic principles of magnetism and metalurgy applied to crystalline metallic ferromagnetic materials. By detailing the intrinsic characteristics of metals, this article presents their general magnetic properties. Notions of metallurgy and physico-chemistry of materials are also dealt with in the case of strong interactions with magnetic properties.

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AUTHOR

  • Thierry WAECKERLÉ: Metallurgy engineer ENSEEG (INP Grenoble) - Doctor of Electrical Engineering - Expert in metallurgy and magnetic materials for the ArcelorMittal group - R Manager of magnetic alloys for ArcelorMittal Stainless & Nickel Alloys at the Imphy Research Center

 INTRODUCTION

Crystalline soft magnetic materials" are the subject of three dossiers [D 2 121], [D 2 122] and [D 2 123] . The present dossier [D 2 121] introduces the basics of magnetism and metallurgy applied to crystalline ferromagnetic metallic materials, necessary for understanding the various phenomena affecting these materials in their electrotechnical applications. In particular, this dossier focuses on the quantities and mechanisms linking physical and metallurgical characteristics to macroscopic magnetic quantities, relevant to the design and analysis of electromagnetic devices. On this basis, the following dossiers review the main fields of application of interest to these materials, with a view to assisting in the choice of materials [D 2 122] , as well as the different families of soft crystalline materials [D 2 123] .

Historical overview

Magnetism has appealed to mankind for millennia, first in Sumer, Egypt and China, then in Greece in the 1 er millennium BC, but it wasn't until the end of the 19th century and the advent of electricity that magnetism and its applications really took off. The advent of electrical engineering, over a century ago, was accompanied from the outset by the development of "magnetic cores", both concentrators and amplifiers of magnetic fields, rapidly laminated for greater efficiency and less heating. These "cores" were soon found :

  • alloyed with silicon (1900s) to further reduce "iron losses";

  • alloyed with...

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